Apple Breeding part 3: From seed to fruit
Seeds of Lady Williams. Some of them are sprouting inside the apple. So far it seems that fresh apple seeds sprout readily, and can be planted right away.
In part one I went over some reasons why I think home breeders have a decent chance of producing some good apples.
Part two covered pollinating flowers to make intentional crosses of two different parent apples.
In this section, I’ll discuss growing the seeds into seedlings, and options for growing those out until they fruit.
COLLECTING AND STORING SEEDS: I like to collect the seed when the apple is ripe for eating, but they seem to be mature before that. I’ve stored the seeds in little plastic baggies in the refrigerator, but they sometimes mold. Storing the seeds in slightly damp, but not wet, sand would probably be better, or you can just plant them… Read more »
Apple Breeding part 2: Doin’ it anyway.
The awesome Photos of pollinating in the post are by tonia Chi
In part one I laid out some ideas and a little history toward the end of convincing you to try breeding new apples. Here I present the nitty gritty of pollinating the flowers and in Part 2 I’ll cover growing the seeds out. Neither process is very difficult, nor particularly time consuming. Later on, grafting of the trees and growing them to fruition may require some skills that most people don’t have, but those can be learned elsewhere, or may be covered in future posts, so don’t let that stop you.
SELECTING PARENTS: You can of course just plant some apple seeds from any apple you like, but the real fun is in selecting two apples that have something awesome about them and assisting them to procreate. Albert Etter’s success was based on extensive trials using over 500 varieties to find apples with the most promising characteristics to use as parents. In his own words….
“In selecting apples one has a double index to go by: he selects his mother variety and his “mother-apple” to take the seeds from. The immediate success, of my work may be attributed to the foundation I laid, and my ability to select the individual fruits that will develop superior progeny.”
“I am sending a collection of some of my new varieties of apples… The whole problem is now as simple as breeding up a herd of good dairy cows when one has a good herd to begin with. “
“Some people wonder where it is possible to make any very decided Improvement over existing varieties of apples now in general cultivation. To my notion we have really only begun to improve the apple systematically. I admit I have opportunity to study first hand that which gives me an insight denied to others who think and work along other lines. Comparison is a wonderful means of discerning faint lines. By this simple mental process what seems as opaque as milk reveals lines of similarity undreamed of before.” Read more »
Apple Breeding Part 1: Everyone knows you can’t do it, right?
“…growers, shippers and retailers, who have been giving us food that looks great but often isn’t for over a century, have their own agendas.”
When writing about apples and their propagation in both technical and popular literature, it seems almost compulsory for the author to assure us that if we grow an apple from a seed, that it will not be the same as the apple that we took the seed from. We are usually further assured that the chances of actually growing a toothsome new apple variety bursting with juice and flavor from those little seeds are extremely dismal. One might imagine, and sometimes we are even subject to descriptions of, the small, hard, green, sour, bitter and worm eaten result of such an experiment! In the past, I have been discouraged from making the experiment of growing apples from seed by this common knowledge, especially upon learning that modern apple breeding programs cull thousands of seedlings to find one gem worthy of propagation.
I will concede that under many circumstances growing apples from seed may not be the wisest course of action or the most likely to yield the greatest reward. Who wants to invest in the time and patience required for the growing of an entire tree only to find the secret unlocked from it’s genes by our roll of the dice is some hard green apples for the kids to throw at each other? Not I, not ye, not no one! I only know of one apple that is supposed to grow fairly true to seed and that is the Snow Apple A.K.A. Fameuse. Otherwise the chances are that a seedling will be at least somewhat unlike it’s parents. But then, this genetic variability is what really makes the apple able to give us the great variety that it offers.
The genes of the apple hold many secrets. Read more »
Understanding Forms of Lime
I’ve just done this short post on understanding the different types of lime and some of their uses on the Paleotechnics blog. I’m cross posting as I though that it would be of interest to some Turkeysong readers, so hop on over and take a look.
About
Welcome to the Turkeysong blog. Turkeysong is a new-ish homestead in the mountains of coastal Northern California. This land is something like a canvas and a laboratory on which we live, create and experiment. I have spent many years studying and teaching primitive and basic skills and teach and write about such through paleotechnics. The primary intention of this blog is to provide practical information which has been run through the sieve of experience and to chronicle experiments in country living and basic technologies.
For more about me personally than people who don’t know me probably want to know, or a description lacking in adequately juicy details for those who do, look here.
- Sunrise winter solstice ’08
